JoeCMath

Constant Summation Rule

Simple overview of using summation notation to sum up a constant.

Constant Summation Formula

When summing a constant, I can use the following

\[\sum_{i=1}^{n} c = n\cdot c\]

Here $c$ is an arbitrary constant.

It does not change as $i$ moves from $1$ to $n$.

In fact, using the summation notation the constant $c$ is added with itself $n$ times which is why the sum is equal to $nc$.

Watch this section: introduction at 0:00.

Expanding The Sum

The video then writes out what the summation means:

\[\sum_{i=1}^{n} c= \underbrace{c+c+c+\cdots+c}_{n\text{ times}}\]

Since every term is still $c$, the long addition becomes multiplication:

\[\underbrace{c+c+c+\cdots+c}_{n\text{ times}} = n\cdot c\]

We use the index of summation to help us understand how many times our constant is added together.

Watch this section: expanding the summation at 0:29.

Example: $n=20$ And $c=5$

Consider

\[\sum_{i=1}^{20} 5\]

This means $5$ is added once for every value of $i$ from $1$ through $20$:

\[\underbrace{5+5+5+\cdots+5}_{20\text{ times added together}}\]

There are $20$ copies of $5$, so the shortcut gives

\[\sum_{i=1}^{20} 5=20\cdot 5= 100\]

Watch this section: example with $n=20$ and $c=5$ at 0:58.

Timestamp Guide

Section What is shown Video
Introduction Set up the constant-sum shortcut. 0:00
Expanding the summation Rewrite $\sum_{i=1}^{n} c$ as $c+c+c+\cdots+c$. 0:29
Example Use $n=20$ and $c=5$ to get $20\cdot 5=100$. 0:58

For more calculus review, browse the Calculus notes.

If you are moving from sums into antiderivatives, the integration power rule page is a good next step.